Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals ATOM BOMB
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
Properties of Metals
Physical: Malleable, ductile, shiny, high melting points, good conductors of heat and electricity.
Chemical: React with oxygen to form basic oxides (e.g., 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO), react with
water to release hydrogen (e.g., 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂).
Properties of Non-Metals
Physical: Brittle, dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Chemical: React with oxygen to form acidic oxides (e.g., CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃), react with hydrogen to form hydrogen compounds (e.g., Cl₂ + H₂ → 2HCl).
Reactivity Series
Metals are arranged based on their reactivity.
Example: Potassium (K) > Calcium (Ca) > Magnesium (Mg) > Zinc (Zn) > Iron (Fe) > Copper (Cu).
Corrosion
Definition: The gradual destruction of metals due to chemical reactions with their environment (e.g., rusting of iron).
Prevention:
Galvanization: Coating metal with zinc to prevent rusting.
Alloying: Mixing metals to form alloys (e.g., stainless steel).
