Question 1
(a) Define Conservatism.
(b) What was the major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists? [1]
(c) Define the term ‘Absolutist’. [1]
(d) What led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a
body of French Citizens?
[1]
(e) 1834, a zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia. What
did it eliminate?
[1/201
4]
(f) What is a ‘Plebiscite’? [1]
Question 2
(a) “The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship or
crisis in Europe.” Support this statement with arguments.
[3]
(b) Explain why the conservative order was criticized. [3]
(c) Who was Ernst Renan? In his view why are nations important? [3]
Question 3
(a) “Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but in the
administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles
in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.”
Analyse the statement with arguments.
[5]
(b) “The idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of nationalism
became a narrow creed with limited ends.” Support the
statement in the context of Balkan nationalism in the early 19th
century?
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